In Romania, cryptocurrencies are legally defined as "virtual currency" and have been explicitly regulated for tax purposes since 2019 under the Romanian Fiscal Code. This means there are clear provisions for how various crypto activities are taxed. The Agenția Națională de Administrare Fiscală (ANAF) is the responsible authority for governing cryptocurrency taxation within Romania's legal framework. Investors are required to declare their crypto income and gains through Form 212, the "Declarația unică," annually by May 25th. For individual investors, realized gains from cryptocurrency transactions are taxed as "income from other sources." The tax rate is a flat 10% on these gains until December 31, 2025. From January 1, 2026, this rate will increase to 16%. This flat rate applies universally, meaning there is no special benefit or reduced rate for holding cryptocurrencies for a longer period. Both selling crypto for fiat currency and exchanging one cryptocurrency for another are considered taxable events. An exemption applies for individual transactions where the gain is less than 200 Romanian Lei (RON), provided the total annual gains from all such transactions do not exceed 600 RON. Corporate entities dealing with crypto are subject to the standard corporate tax rate of 16%. Value Added Tax (VAT) is not applied to cryptocurrency exchanges, but crypto-related services are subject to a standard 19% VAT. Specific crypto activities are also clearly addressed. Income generated from staking, such as rewards, is taxed as ordinary income at the applicable 10% or 16% rate upon receipt. Similarly, income from mining is taxed as income, with potential deductions for related expenses like hardware and electricity if treated as a business. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) activities, including yield farming and participation in liquidity pools, are generally considered to generate taxable income or gains, with each interaction potentially being a taxable event. Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs) are taxed similarly to virtual currency transfers, with gains subject to the 10% or 16% tax rate. A significant development for crypto investors in Romania is the upcoming tax rate change. As per Law No. 141/2025, the flat tax rate on cryptocurrency gains for individuals will increase from the current 10% to 16%, effective January 1, 2026.
Tax Rates
| Effective individual rate | 10 |
| Capital gains tax | 10% (until 2025) / 16% (2026+), 200 RON per transaction exemption |
| Income tax on crypto | Flat 10% (until 2025) / 16% (2026+) on realized gains |
| Corporate tax | 16% |
| VAT | Exempt on exchanges, 19% on crypto-related services |
Activity Taxes
| Staking | Taxed as ordinary income at 10%/16% upon receipt |
| Mining | Taxed as income, hardware and electricity potentially deductible |
| DeFi | Each interaction taxed as income or gains at 10%/16% |
| NFTs | Taxed as virtual currency transfers at 10%/16% |
Taxable Events
| Crypto → Fiat | Taxable |
| Crypto → Crypto | Taxable |
Holding Period
| Holding period benefit | None |
Sources